Atlanta Independent August 17, 1918

Philadelphia Tribune November 13, 1926

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was established in 1909/1910 as an outgrowth of the Niagara Movement and in response to the violence of the late 1800s and early 1900s (in particular, the Springfield, Illinois, riot of 1908) and to the increasing state-sponsored and -accepted and court-supported discrimination (including disfranchisement, segregation, and lynching).